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2024年初中英語基本句型梳理

來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-08-15 18:06:43

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從英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上說,除了修飾名詞的定語和修飾動詞的狀語外,在千變?nèi)f化的句子中可歸納為五個基本句式。

1.S(主) + Vi(不及物動詞)(謂)

eg. Time flies.

(1)S + V + adverbial(狀語)

eg. Birds sing beautifully.

(2)S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介詞短語)

eg. He went on holiday.

(3)S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)

eg. We stopped to have a rest.

(4)S + Vi+ Participle (分詞)

eg. I'll go swimming.

2. S (主)+ Vt (及物動詞)(謂)+ O(賓)

eg.We like English.

(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron

eg. I like music.

eg. I like her.

(2)S + Vt+ infinitive(不定式)

eg. I want to help him.

常用于這句型的動詞有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, wish等。

(3)S + Vt+ Wh- + Infinitive

eg. I don't know what to do.

常用于這句型的動詞有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。

(4)S + Vt+ Gerund(動名詞)

eg. I enjoy living here.

常用于這句型的動詞有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。

(5)S + Vt+ That-clause

eg. I don't think (that) he is right.

常用于這句型的動詞有:admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得), hear(聽說), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(當(dāng)心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪)。

3. S (主)+ V(謂)(lv)( 系動詞)+ P(表)

eg. We are Chinese.

除了be 系動詞外,還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞,

①表感官的動詞,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

②表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。

③表延續(xù)的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。

④表瞬時的動詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等

⑤其他動詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,hang等。

(1)S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞)

eg. He is a boy.

eg. This is mine.

(2)S + Lv + Adj.(形容詞)

eg. She is beautiful.

(3)S + Lv + Adv.(副詞)

eg. Class is over.

(4)S + Lv + Prep Phrase

eg. He is in good health.

(5)S + Lv + Participle(分詞)

eg. He is excited.

eg. The film is interesting.

4. S (主)+ VT (謂)+ In O(間接 賓) + D O(直接 賓)

eg. I give you help.

(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron + N

eg. I sent him a book.

eg. I bought May a book.

(2)S + Vt+ N/Pron + To/for-phrase

eg. He sent a book to me.

eg. He bought a coat for me.

間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有:allow, bring, deny, do(帶來), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。

5. S (主)+ VT(謂)+ O(賓) + O C(賓補(bǔ))

eg. I make you clear.

(1)S + Vt+ N/Pron + N

eg. We named our baby Tom.

常用于這句型的動詞有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

(2)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Adj.

eg. He painted the wall white.

常用于這句型的動詞有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,want, wash, wipe, wish等。

(3)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Prep Phrase

eg. She always keeps everything in good order.

(4)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Infinitive

eg. I wish you to stay.

eg. I made him work

常用于這句型的動詞有:a)不定式帶to的詞:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,notice, see, watch等。

(5)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Participle (分詞)

eg. I heard my name called.

eg. I feel something moving.

常用于這句型的動詞有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

(6)S + Vt+ N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive

eg. He show me how to do it.

常用于這句型的動詞有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。

(7)①S + Vt+ N/Pron + That-clause

eg. He told me that the film was great.

常用于這句型的動詞有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。

②S + Vt+ N/Pron + Wh-clause

eg. He asked me what he should do.

常用于這句型的動詞有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.

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