動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)之一，也是每年中考英語(yǔ)試題的考點(diǎn)之一。

它是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為＂to+動(dòng)詞原形＂，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義。

動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：

1.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。

2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)等。

下面以近幾年全國(guó)部分省市的中考英語(yǔ)試題為例，對(duì)不定式的難點(diǎn)以及它在中考英語(yǔ)中的考查點(diǎn)，作一簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。

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No.1

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)

1.It's our duty _________ the room every day.A.to clean B.cleaned C.clean D.cleans(甘肅省)2.It's hard for us _________ English well.A.learn B.learns C.to learn D.learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4.It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.(安徽省)A.for， of B.of， for C.to， for D.of， toKeys：1.A 2.C 3.take， to， build 4.B【解析】動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì);句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。

No.2

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)

1.He wants ______ some vegetables.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys (山西省)2.Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.A.to bring B.bringing C.to take D.taking (福建省)3.He found it very difficult ______.A.sleeping B.sleepsC.slept D.to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys：1.C 2.A 3.D【解析】want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。

No.3

動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

1.Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A.help him B.to help him with C.to help with D.helps him with (江蘇省)2.Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.A.cook B.cooks C.to cook D.cooked (甘肅省)Key：1.B 2.C【解析】不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。

No.4

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)

1.She went ______ her teacher.A.to see B.looks C.saw D.seeing (江西省)2.Meimei likes English very much.She does her best ______ English well.A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learns (四川省)Key：1.A 2.C【解析】go， come， try， do / try one's best等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常�？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。3.I'm sorry ______ that.A.hears B.hearing C.hear D.to hear (河北省)4.I'm sorry ______ you.A.trouble B.to trouble C.troubling D.troubled (吉林省)5.My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.A.to meet B.meet C.met D.meets (甘肅省)Keys：3.D 4.B 5.A【解析】"be +形容詞+ to do sth"結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式。6.The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through.(廣東省)7.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it.(改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______.(廣東省)Keys：6.is， too， small， for 7.thick， for， to， skate， on【解析】在上述"too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do…"(太……而不能……)和"enough (for sb) to do…"(足以、足夠……做……)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

No.5

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)

1.Would you like something ______?A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks (湖北省)2.I have a lot of homework ______.A.do B.doing C.did D.to do (河南省)3.He is not an easy man ______.A.get on B.to get on C.get on with D.to get on with (山東省)Key：1.C 2.D 3.D【解析】不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。

No.6

不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式

1.We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.A.to enter B.enter C.entering D.entered (河南省)2.So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.A.to feel B.feels C.feeling D.feel (吉林省)3.Your father is sleeping.You'd better ______.A.not wake up him B.not to wake up himC.not wake him up D.not to wake him up (陜西省)4.I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.A.do B.doing C.to do D.did (貴州省)Key：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C【解析】1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動(dòng)詞和make， have， let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。2.在"had better"后面接不帶to的不定式。

No.7

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式

1.Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue.A.not to jump B.to not jump　C.didn't jump D.not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2.The old man told the child ______ noisy.A.not be B.not to be C.to not be D.be not (湖北省)3.There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow.Please try ______ late.A.have,not to be B.have,not beC.be,not to be D.be,not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))Key：1.A 2.B 3.C【解析】動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上not.

No.8

某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別

1.Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.A.to have B.having C.have D.has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2.——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.A.take B.taking C.to take D.took (湖北省)3.——Let's have a rest, shall we?——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.A.write B.to write C.writing D.and write (湖北省)4.Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk).(用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)Key：1.A 2.C 3.C 4.walking【解析】一些常見的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下："stop to do sth"意為"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事"，"stop doing sth"意為"停止正在做的事"："remember to do sth"意為"記住去做某事"(事還未做)，"remember doing sth"意為"記得做過某事"(事已做)："go on to do sth"意為"接著做某事"(做完一事，接著做另一事)，"go on doing sth"意為"繼續(xù)做某事"(一事未做完接著往下做)："forget to do sth"意為"忘了做某事"(事還未做)，"forget doing sth"意為"忘了曾做過某事"(事已做)。5.When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.A.flies B.flying C.flew D.to fly (福建省)6.A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.A.happen B.happens C.happening D.to happen (黑龍江省)Key：5.B 6.A【解析】在see，hear，watch，feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程(動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)，用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束)。

No.9

動(dòng)詞不定式的省略及其符號(hào)to的保留

1.Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, ______.What time are we going to meet?A.I would B.I would like C.I like to D.I'd like to (浙江省)2.Would you like to go for a picnic with us?______.What time are we going to meet?A.No, I can't B.Yes, I'm glad　C.Yes, I'd love to D.I'd like (大連市)Keys：1.D 2.C【解析】在口語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見于"be glad to"，"would like (love) to"，"have to"等結(jié)構(gòu)中。

No.10

動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式和其他形式

The new hospital ______ is near the factory.A.build B.builds C.to build D.to be built (青海省)Key：D

【解析】當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者(賓語(yǔ))時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，即：to be +過去分詞;如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +過去分詞;如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用不定式的進(jìn)行式，即：to be +現(xiàn)在分詞

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