過去完成時(shí)

標(biāo)志：had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

1. 表示在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。如：

By the end of last week he had finished the work.

He had left when I arrived.

2. 表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：

We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.

3. 某些表意向的動(dòng)詞(如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等)的過去完成時(shí)表示主語未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、希望、打算。如：

I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

4. (虛擬語氣)在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主觀愿望。如：

The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.

I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.

5. 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)

1) 基本區(qū)別：過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，即過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，而一般過去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)(離現(xiàn)在兩年)

He said he had studied there two years before.他說他兩年前在那兒學(xué)習(xí)過。(離他說話時(shí)兩年)

2) 特別注意：兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如果按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或者用then, and, but等連詞連接時(shí)，多用一般過去時(shí)。如：

When she saw the mouse, she screamed.

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

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