情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

一. 什么是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?v.aux.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求，允諾，愿望，建議，命令，能力，需求或拒絕等情感態(tài)度。

常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, may, must, should, will, need等。

二：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化;不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。

三. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：

1. can

1) 表示能力(體力、知識(shí)、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(體力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知識(shí))

Jay Chou can sing a song. (技能)

2) 表示請(qǐng)求和允許。

-----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

3) 表示否定推測(cè)(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度)。

It can’t be her. She has gone to Beijing.

2. may

1)表示請(qǐng)求和允許。

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t./ may not. )

◆否定回答時(shí)可用can’t或mustn’t或者may not，表示“不可以，禁止”。

2)表示推測(cè)、可能性(不用于疑問(wèn)句)。

He may be at home now, but I am not sure.

3)用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! Wish you success!

3. must, have to

1) must表示必須。You must come on time.

2)表示有把握的肯定推測(cè)。“一定;肯定”

This book must be Danny’s. His name is on it.

3) must是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。

must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。

We must win the game by ourselves.

She has to drop out of school because of her poor family.

4)mustn’t “禁止”語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)烈。 You mustn’t talk in the library.

4. need

need 表示“需要”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。

1) We needn’t hurry. There is still a lot of time. (needn’t沒(méi)必要)

2) ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

5. will

1) 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等。Will you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。I will never do that again.

6. should

1) should表示“應(yīng)該”，表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任。

I should help her because she is in trouble.

2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。

①You should go to class right away.

②Should I open the window?

7. would, might以及could

⑴would是will的過(guò)去式 第二人稱

①語(yǔ)氣比will委婉Would you please help me?(委婉語(yǔ)氣)

②可以表達(dá)意愿。Would you be nice to the students in the future? (表達(dá)意愿)

★would like sth. 想要…… would like to do sth. 想要做……

I would like some coffee with sugar. She would like to have some juice.

⑵might 第一人稱

①是may的過(guò)去式，表達(dá)可能。He might complete his work. (可能性)

②其語(yǔ)氣更委婉。Might I come in? (語(yǔ)氣委婉)

⑶could是can的過(guò)去式

①可以表達(dá)過(guò)去做某事的能力He could swim at the age of ten. (could是can的過(guò)去式)

②也可以表達(dá)委婉語(yǔ)氣。Could you help me? (委婉語(yǔ)氣)

但回答需用can的是適當(dāng)形式。

---Could you help me? ---Yes, I can. / Of course. / No problem.

--- Sorry, I can’t. I am busy now.

★★★★注意：

①must引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句如何回答呢?

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must. (肯定回答)

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.(否定回答)

②need引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句如何回答呢?

----Need I wait for you at the station?

----Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

Exercises

一.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。

1. --_________(May/ Must)I come in? –Yes, please.

2. I am afraid that we __________(can’t/ can) give you an answer.

3. --_________(May/ Can) he speak English? – Yes, he can.

4. ---Where is Tom? –He ________ be in the office, but I’m not sure. (need/ may).

5. We ________ help the old cross the road. (need/should)

6. The girl _________(should/ shouldn’t) go out alone at night.

7. Children ________(mustn’t / can) play with fire.

8. ____________(Could/ Must) you tell me how I can get to the station?

9. You ___________(should/ can’t) write more carefully next time.

10. Must I return the books tomorrow? –No, you ________(mustn’t/ needn’t).

二.單項(xiàng)選擇。

( ) 1. you like to drink some milk?

A. Could B. Will C. Do D. Would

( ) 2. —May I take a seat here? —Sorry, you, it’s only for the old.

A. needn't B. don’t C. can't D. shouldn’t

( )3.—What will the weather be like tomorrow?

—It ______ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?

A. must B. might C. shall D. should

( )4.—Look at that girl! Is it Susan?

—No, it _______ be her. She has gone back to her hometown.

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t

( )5. The desk is not dirty. You _______ clean it.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t

( )6. You ______ wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.

A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. have to

( )7. —Could I borrow your dictionary?

—Yes, you _______.

A. can B. must C. should D. will

( )8.—Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You _____ be joking!

—I’m serious. It’s made of silk.

A. must B. need C. may D. can

( )9.— Let’s go to watch a movie.

— Sorry, I _______. I have to go to my piano lesson.

A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t

( )10.— Must I get up early tomorrow morning? — No, _________.

A. you mustn’tB. you don’t have to C. you can’t D. you need

( )11. –Honey. Don’t make noises. Your brother is sleeping. – ________. Mum.

A. Yes, I will B. Sorry, I won’t C. Yes, I won’t D. Sorry, I will

( )12. The sign says that we _________ smoke here.

A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

( )13. I have travelleda lot. I ______ speak four languages.

A.can B.mayC.must D. need

( )14. There’s an important football match today. I _____ miss it.

A.may B. can’t C. must D. needn’t

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